Cousins Chart
Cousins Chart
Having trouble coming up
with the proper term for your mother's uncle's father for your family tree?
Here's a guide to who's who in the family structure.
Second cousin twice removed. Sounds mathematical, as though
establishing a family relationship required the use of trigonometric
algorithms. But like so many apparently daunting areas of expertise, it's
really just a matter of learning the lingo. In the definitions below,
"you" serve as the frame of reference, around which all the other
relations revolve.
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Uncle and aunt |
Your parents' brothers and
sisters, and their spouses. You don't need any blood connection to be a
full-fledged aunt or uncle. Your mother's sister's husband is not your uncle
by marriage. He's your uncle, fair and square. |
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Niece and nephew |
Son and daughter of your siblings
and siblings-in-law. As with uncle and aunt, they're not your nieces and
nephews by marriage, they're your nieces and nephews, plain and simple, even
if they're your spouse's siblings' kids and don't have a single drop of blood
in common with you. |
First cousin, full cousin, cousin-german |
Children of your parents' brothers and sisters. You and
your first cousins share one set of grandparents. |
Double first cousins |
If a pair of brothers marries a pair of sisters, their kids
are not only first cousins, they're double first cousins: They have both sets
of grandparents in common. |
Second cousins |
You and the children of your parents' cousins are second
cousins and share at least one great-grandparent. Your child and your cousin's
child are second cousins. |
Third cousins |
You and the children of your parents' second cousins are
third cousins and share at least one great-great-grandparent. And so on with
the fourth, fifth, and sixth cousins. |
First cousin once removed |
A relationship that is removed is one that exists in two
different genealogical generations. Generation refers to the order of birth,
a genealogical level. Your aunt and your mother may have been born 20 years
apart, but they are still of the same generation. Your parent's first cousin
is your first cousin once removed. The child of your first cousin is also
your first cousin once removed: your grandparent is that child's
great-grandparent. You can do the whole "removed" thing for every
category of cousins -- second cousin once removed, and so on. But by then
you'll probably drive everyone completely crazy. |
Grandaunt and granduncle |
We always called grandpa's sister "great-aunt."
But the experts say that terminology is incorrect, and the terms at left should
be used instead to refer to the siblings of your grandparents. (Which doesn't
mean we have any intention of using them.) |
Great-grandaunts, great-granduncles |
Your great-grandparents' brothers and sisters. |
In-laws |
Family by marriage: Your spouse's parents, spouses of your
siblings, and spouses of your spouse's siblings. That is, your brother's wife
is an in-law, but none of her siblings are. And your husband's sister's
husband is your in-law, but none of his brothers are. And in-laws pretty much
stop with your parents-in-law and your siblings-in-law. You are not in-laws
with the parents of your sister-in-law's husband. And the two sets of parents
of a couple are not in-laws to each other either; they are the competitive
parents -- an entirely different category. |
Affinity relatives |
Your husband or wife's blood relatives -- the in-laws that
are biologically related to your spouse. |
Birth mother, biological mother, natural mother |
Terms for the biological mother of a child who has
(usually) been adopted by other parents. |
Adoptive mother |
Mother of a child who is not biologically her own. |
Excerpted from FAMILY REUNION
Copyright © 1998 by Jennifer Crichton
Used by permission of Workman Publishing Co., Inc., New York
All Rights Reserved
Defining Cousins
Your uncle is the brother of your father or
mother.
Your aunt is the sister of your father or mother.
Your great uncle (or grand uncle) is the brother of your grandfather or
grandmother.
Your great aunt is the sister of your grandfather or grandmother.
Your great-great uncle is the brother of your great-grandfather or great-
grandmother.
Your great-great aunt is the sister of your great-grandfather or great-
grandmother.
Your first cousin is the child of your aunt or uncle.
Your second cousin is the grandchild of your great aunt or great uncle. (If two
people are first cousins, the children of each of the people will be second
cousins.)
Your third cousin is the great-grandchild of your great-great uncle or
great-great aunt. (Children of 2nd cousins, are 3rd cousins to each
other.)
Your first cousin, once removed, is the child of your first cousin or is the
child of your great uncle or great aunt. (See also REMOVED COUSINS)
If someone is your first cousin, then his or her child is your first cousin
once removed. (Once removed means one generation level different from you.) All
your regular cousins (first, second, etc.) are at the same generation level as
yourself. Those at different levels are "removed." If someone is YOUR
first cousin once removed, then you are HIS or HER first cousin once removed
also. Your second cousin once removed is the child of your second cousin. Your
first cousin twice removed is the child of your first cousin once removed (i.e.
the grandchild of your first cousin). Your second cousin twice removed is the
child of your second cousin once removed (i.e. the grandchild of your second
cousin).
REMOVED COUSINS: If two people are some type of
cousins, but they are at different generation levels, then here is the way to
compute their relationship.
1. Count how many generation levels they are apart.
This is the number they are "removed."
2. Start with the one at the highest generation
level (the older level) and count how many generations up you must go to find
the brothers or sisters that are the ancestors of these cousins. This is the
"FIRST" or "SECOND" or "THIRD" part of the cousin
relationship.
http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~bridgett/cousins.htm
http://www.searchforancestors.com/utility/cousincalculator.html
ousin Terms and
Definitions
First Cousin
Your first cousin is a child of your aunt or uncle. You share one set of
grandparents with your first cousin, but you do not have the same
parents.
Second Cousin
Your second cousin is the grandchild of your great-aunt or great-uncle. You
share one set of great-grandparents with your second cousin, but you do not
have the same grandparents.
Third, Fourth, and Fifth Cousins
Your third cousin is the great-grandchild of your great-great-aunt or
great-great-uncle. You share a set of great-great-grandparents with your third
cousin, but do not have the same great-grandparents. Fourth cousins have one
set of great-great-great-grandparents, but not the same great-great-grandparents.
And so on.
Double Cousins
If two siblings in one family marry two siblings from another family and each
couple has a child, the children are double first cousins. The word double in
addition to the first cousin term is because because they share the same four
grandparents. Regular first cousins share only one set of common grandparents,
while double first cousins share both sets of grandparents plus all lineal and
collateral relatives.
Removed
The relationships of cousins of different generations are explained by using
the word "removed". Cousins who are "once removed" have a
one-generation difference. For example, the first cousin of your father is your
first cousin, once removed. In that case, your father's first cousin is one
generation younger than your grandparents and you are two generations younger
than your grandparents. This one-generation difference is explained by saying
that your are cousins "once removed.". Removed cousin relationships
is never measured by age, but only by generation differences.
Twice removed means that there is a two-generation difference between cousins.
If you are two generations younger than the first cousin of your grandparent,
then the relationship between you and your grandparent's first cousin are first
cousins, twice removed.
Cousin relationships can be any combination of first, second, third and so on,
with once removed, twice removed, and so on. A genealogy program will calculate
exact family relationships in your family tree for both blood relatives and
relatives by marriage. Here is a list of genealogy programs some of which
are free.
By using the cousin calculator above, you can see how the "removed"
relationship works for cousins by blood. Use the + and - buttons to change
generations between blood cousins to see how cousin relationships are
defined.
For example:
"If you are the "grandchild" of an ancestor and
Your relative is the "great-grandchild" of same ancestor,
First cousins[edit] A child ("Sam") of one person ("Laura")
and a child ("Ryan") of that one person's sibling
("Robert") are first cousins. First cousins share grandparents
("Joseph" and "Nancy"). Sam and Ryan are first cousins because
they are non-siblings who share a pair of grandparents. |
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Second cousins[edit] The children of first cousins share a second cousin
relationship. Second cousins share great-grandparents. People occasionally
mistake the child of their first cousin as their "second cousin" -
however that would actually be a first cousin, once removed. The removal
denotes the generational difference. Sam and Susannah are second cousins because they are non-first
cousins and non-siblings who share great-grandparents. In other words, Sam
and Susannah's parents are cousins. |
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Third cousins[edit] The grandchildren of two first cousins; also the children of
two second cousins. Third cousins share great-great-grandparents. Sam and Lyla are third cousins because they are non-second
cousins, non-first cousins and non-siblings who share
great-great-grandparents. |
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First cousins once removed[edit] Two people for whom a first cousin relationship is one
generation removed. The child of one's first cousin; also the first cousin of
one's parent. Frank and his father's first cousin, Emma, are first cousins
once removed. There exist numerous terms for first cousins once removed that
describe the relationship more specifically: ·
For a male in the
higher generation, "cousin-uncle" or "second uncle" ·
For a female in
the higher generation, "cousin-aunt" or "second aunt" ·
For a male in the
lower generation, "cousin-nephew" or "second nephew" ·
For a female in
the lower generation, "cousin-niece" or "second niece" |
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First cousins twice removed[edit] Two people for whom a first cousin relationship is two
generations removed. The grandchild of one's first cousin; also the first
cousin of one's grandparent. Harry and his grandfather's first cousin, Emma, are first
cousins twice removed. There exist numerous addition terms to describe the
relationship of first cousin twice removed more specifically and accurately: ·
For a male in a
higher generation, "second granduncle" or
"cousin-granduncle" ·
For a female in a
higher generation, "second grandaunt" or
"cousin-grandaunt" ·
For a male in a
lower generation, "second grandnephew" or
"cousin-grandnephew" ·
For a female in a
lower generation, "second grandniece" or
"cousin-grandniece" |
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Second cousins once removed[edit] Two people for whom a second cousin relationship is one
generation removed. The child of one's second cousin; also the second cousin
of one's parent. Harry and his father's second cousin, Gloria, are second
cousins once removed. There are more ways in which this type of relationship can be
described more specifically: ·
For a male in a
higher generation, "third uncle" or "second cousin-uncle" ·
For a female in a
higher generation, "third aunt" or "second cousin-aunt" ·
For a male in a
lower generation, "third nephew" or "second
cousin-nephew" ·
For a female in a
lower generation, "third niece" or "second cousin-niece" |
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Additional terms[edit]
The following is a list of less common cousin terms.
Term |
Definition |
Example |
Chart |
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Double cousin |
Double cousins arise when two siblings of one family mate with two siblings of another family.
The resulting children are related to each other through both of their parents and are thus doubly related. Double first cousins share
both sets of grandparents and have twice the degree of consanguinity of ordinary first cousins; genetically, they are as
related as half-siblings. In a scenario where two monozygotic (identical)
twins mate with another pair of monozygotic twins, the resulting double
cousins would test as genetically similar as brothers or sisters. Double
second cousins can arise in two ways: from the relationships of two
first-cousins with two other first-cousins or from the relationships two double-first-cousins
with two other persons. |
David and Irene are double first cousins because each is related
through their mother's family and also their father's family, the result of a
brother and sister (Ben and Helen) having married another brother and sister
(Hugh and Betty). For David and Irene, each has a mother who is an aunt by
blood of the other and a father who is an uncle by blood of the other. |
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Half-cousin |
Half-cousins are the children of two half-siblings, and their
respective spouses. |
David and Lilian are half cousins because their fathers (Ben and
James) are maternal half-brothers, their grandmother (Agatha) having
remarried. |
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Stepcousin |
Stepcousins are either stepchildren of an individual's aunt or
uncle or nieces and nephews of one's stepparent. |
David and Mary are stepcousins because David's uncle (Charles)
has become Mary's stepfather as a result of Mary's mother (Corinda) having
remarried. |
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Cousin-in-law |
A cousin-in-law is the spouse of an individual's cousin or the
cousin of one's spouse. |
David and Eric are first cousins-in-law to each other because
Eric's wife (Emma) is David's first cousin. |
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Maternal or paternal cousin |
A term that specifies whether one individual is a cousin of
another through the mother's side of the family (maternal) or the father's
side (paternal). If the relationship is not equally paternal for both or
equally maternal for both, then the paternal cousin of one is the maternal
cousin of the other. |
Emma and David are paternal first cousins (being related through
their fathers). Emma is also Natalia's paternal first cousin (as related on
Natalia's father's side), but Natalia is Emma's maternal first cousin (as
related on Emma's mother's side). David and Natalia would only be related if
they shared a common ancestor. |
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Relationship charts[edit]
Cousin chart[edit]
A "cousin chart", or "table of consanguinity", is helpful in identifying the degree of cousin
relationship between two people using their most recent common ancestor as the
reference point. Cousinship between two people can be specifically described in
degrees and removals by determining how close, generationally, the common
ancestor is to each person.[2]
If one person's → |
Great-grandparent |
Great-great-grandparent |
Great-great-great-grandparent |
Great-great-great-great-grandparent |
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Is the other person's |
Then they are ↘ |
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Parent |
Siblings |
Parent/Child or Uncle/Aunt |
Grandparent/Grandchild |
Great grandparent/Great grandchild |
Great great grandparent/Great great grandchild |
Great great great grandparent/Great great great grandchild |
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Grandparent |
Parent/Child or Uncle/Aunt |
1st cousins |
1st cousins once removed |
1st cousins twice removed |
1st cousins 3× removed |
1st cousins 4× removed |
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Great-grandparent |
Great-uncle/Great-aunt |
1st cousins once removed |
2nd cousins |
2nd cousins once removed |
2nd cousins twice removed |
2nd cousins 3× removed |
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Great-great-grandparent |
Great-great-uncle/Great-great-aunt |
1st cousins twice removed |
2nd cousins once removed |
3rd cousins |
3rd cousins once removed |
3rd cousins twice removed |
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Great-great-great-grandparent |
Great-great-great-uncle/Great-great-great-aunt |
1st cousins 3× removed |
2nd cousins twice removed |
3rd cousins once removed |
4th cousins |
4th cousins once removed |
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Great-great-great-great-grandparent |
Great-great-great-great-uncle/Great-great-great-great-aunt |
1st cousins 4× removed |
2nd cousins 3× removed |
3rd cousins twice removed |
4th cousins once removed |
5th cousins |
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Canon law relationship chart[edit]
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